Adapting and Evolving: Social Movements in the Post-Twitter Era

When the Arab Spring swept across Egypt in 2011, social activists found a powerful tool at their disposal: Twitter. This platform enabled them to form networks, organize protests, and disseminate information to the rest of the world. Twitter played a similar role in movements like Occupy Wall Street, Black Lives Matter, and #MeToo, catapulting them to global attention. It became a democratizing force, amplifying marginalized voices and holding leaders accountable. However, since Elon Musk acquired Twitter and implemented controversial policy changes, concerns have arisen about the impact on social movements.

Twitter’s status as a public square, where activists could directly access policymakers and leaders, has been called into question by Musk’s recent moves. Verified activists used to have the ability to promote messages that the algorithm would elevate, ensuring visibility and reach. Real-time updates and campaigns caught the attention of high-profile figures. However, Musk disrupted the traditional verification process, turning it into a pay-for-play system. This change has led to impersonation of government accounts and the spread of fake images. Those who choose not to pay for verification face a loss of credibility and visibility, undermining their impact.

In addition to changes in verification, Twitter has faced technical glitches and a decline in user experience since Musk’s takeover. Mass layoffs and departures at the company have resulted in frustrations for users. The platform’s “for you” timeline has started displaying content users aren’t interested in, further diminishing the value of the platform. Predictions suggest that over 32 million users may leave Twitter in the two years following Musk’s acquisition. With fewer people on the platform, the information landscape becomes more fragmented, making it harder for activists to connect, exchange tactics, and build solidarity.

Musk’s approach to content moderation has also contributed to a more hostile environment on Twitter. Reports from organizations like the Center for Countering Digital Hate and the Anti-Defamation League indicate an increase in hate speech under Musk’s leadership. Some users have been disillusioned by Musk’s decision to reinstate accounts that were previously suspended for rule violations, including former President Donald Trump and Rep. Marjorie Taylor Greene. The lack of content moderation, along with the platform’s other challenges, has made Twitter a difficult space for activists.

These changes have prompted activists and organizers to reassess their relationship with Twitter. Some, like Rich Wallace of Equity and Transformation, have noticed a decline in engagement and meaningful conversations on the platform. Twitter is no longer seen as a space for education and community building but as a barrier to overcome. However, the impact of these changes varies depending on the organizational structure and political vision of the groups involved. Smaller community organizers and non-English speakers may not be heavily affected, while mid-to-large nonprofit organizations may need to reconsider their strategies.

Despite the challenges, Twitter remains an important tool for advocacy work. While some activists have explored alternatives like Mastodon or Bluesky, these platforms have not gained the same traction and community-building potential as Twitter. Privacy, security, and content moderation issues have hindered their growth. Others have turned to popular visual platforms like Instagram and TikTok, but the shift from text-based interactions alters the nature of engagement. Ultimately, social media platforms are just tools, and activists understand the need to diversify their methods of organizing and outreach.

Social media platforms are ever-evolving, and Twitter is no exception. The potential irrelevance of Twitter is a reality that activists acknowledge. While they continue to use the platform for their work, they are prepared to adapt and move on if necessary. The focus remains on the nuts and bolts of organizing, engaging with people, and seeking alternative tools when needed. Social movements are resilient and adaptable, and they understand that true change requires more than just reliance on a single Hasocial media platform. As activists reassess their relationship with Twitter, they are reminded of the importance of grassroots, in-person work that has always been at the core of social movements. Building relationships, organizing community events, and engaging directly with people on the ground are still fundamental to effecting change.

While Twitter has provided a valuable platform for amplifying messages and raising awareness, activists understand that it is just one piece of the puzzle. They recognize that social media platforms come and go, and the landscape is constantly evolving. Rather than relying solely on the power of a single platform, they are diversifying their strategies and exploring alternative avenues.

One approach is to leverage other social media platforms like Instagram and TikTok. These visually-oriented platforms offer different opportunities for storytelling, education, and mobilization. Activists are adapting their tactics to fit the strengths of these platforms, using compelling visuals, short videos, and creative campaigns to engage and mobilize audiences. By expanding their presence across various platforms, they increase their chances of reaching different demographics and communities.

Additionally, activists are exploring decentralized platforms like Mastodon and Bluesky, although these alternatives still face challenges in terms of user base, content moderation, and security. Nevertheless, the decentralized nature of these platforms presents an opportunity for activists to have more control over their communities and content. It allows for the creation of niche spaces where like-minded individuals can connect and collaborate without the interference of algorithmic biases or corporate interests.

In the face of Elon Musk’s controversial policy changes and the challenges on Twitter, activists are not deterred. Social movements have always adapted to new circumstances, finding creative ways to overcome obstacles and connect with supporters. They are experienced in navigating barriers, and this is just another one they will tackle head-on.

The fundamental goal of social movements remains unchanged—to bring about social, political, and cultural transformation. Activists understand that the tools they use to achieve these goals will inevitably change over time. They remain committed to the core values and principles that drive their movements, recognizing that technology is just a means to an end.

While the impact of Musk’s changes on Twitter is yet to be fully understood, social movements will continue to adapt and find new ways to organize, mobilize, and demand change. They will seek out platforms and strategies that best serve their purposes and connect with their target audiences. True change requires a multi-faceted approach, combining online advocacy with offline organizing, community-building, and direct action.

The era of Twitter as the dominant platform for social movements may be changing, but the spirit of activism and the quest for justice will persist. Social movements are not confined to a single platform or technology; they are powered by the determination and resilience of individuals coming together to fight for a better world.